Publications and Speeches

How Actionability Can Build Trust in Generative AIOpen Banker (October 14, 2025)

AI and Category ErrorsForum on Financial Supervision at the London School of Economics Systemic Risk Centre (September 18, 2025)

AI Actionability Over InterpretabilitySSRN preprint (September 18, 2025). 2025 Winning Paper, DC Fintech Week 2025 – Fintech Foundation.

When AI Models Malfunction, Address the Problem Not the MathRisk.net (September 16, 2025)

Cybernetic and Superintelligent SupervisionForum on Financial Supervision at the London School of Economics Systemic Risk Centre (July 22, 2025)

The Fraud ChallengeRemarks at the Women in Housing and Finance Public Policy Luncheon (December 11, 2024)

Systemic Risk and Crossing the HellespontRemarks Prepared for the CFA Institute Systemic Risk Council (October 25, 2024)

Evolving Bank Supervision” Remarks Before the Joint European Banking Authority and European Central Bank International Conference (September 3, 2024)

Size, Complexity, and Polarization in BankingRemarks Before the Exchequer Club (July 17, 2024)

Financial Health Vital Signs: Measurement Toward Consumer Financial HealthRemarks in Support of the Financial Health Network EMERGE Conference (June 6, 2024)

AI Tools, Weapons, and Accountability:  A Financial Stability PerspectiveRemarks in Support of the 2024 Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Financial Stability (June 6, 2024) 

Mitigating TBTF With Recovery PlanningRemarks at Entrepreneurship, Markets, and Technology:  Regulation’s Challenges in a Changing World Conference (May 27, 2024) 

Elevating Fairness, 2024Remarks at the National Community Reinvestment Coalition Just Economy Conference 2024 (April 4, 2024)

Fairness and Effective Compliance Risk ManagementRemarks at Consumer Bankers Association (CBA) Live (March 25, 2024)

Thoughts on Operational ResilienceRemarks at the Institute for International Bankers Annual Washington Conference (March 12, 2024)

 “Preventing the Next Great BlurringVanderbilt University (February 21, 2024) 

What Should the U.S. Banking System Look Like? Diverse, Dynamic, and Balanced University of Michigan School of Business (January 29, 2024) 

Building Better Brakes for a Faster Financial WorldColumbia Law School (January 18, 2024)

Reflections on the International Data HubRemarks at the BIS International Data Hub 10th Anniversary Conference (October 3, 2023)   

Delivering Financial Education and Banking Services in Indian Country: The Role of OCC and National BanksRemarks for the Financial Literacy and Education Commission’s Public Meeting (July 20, 2023)

Tokenization and AI in Banking: How Risk and Compliance Can Facilitate Responsible InnovationRemarks to the American Bankers Association Risk and Compliance Conference (June 16, 2023)

Ensuring the Public’s Trust in Banking and Fair Financial Access for AllRemarks to the Woodstock Institute’s 50th Anniversary Celebration (June 8, 2023)

Financial Inclusion Successes on the Path to Financial HealthRemarks at the 2023 Bank On National Conference (Mary 23, 2023)

Open Banking and the OCCRemarks at the FDX Global Summit (April 19, 2023)

Elevating FairnessRemarks at the National Community Reinvestment Coalition Just Economy Conference 2023 (March 30, 2023)

Trust and Global Banking:  Lessons for CryptoRemarks at the Institute for International Bankers Annual Washington Conference (March 6, 2023)

Detecting, Preventing, and Addressing Too Big Too ManageRemarks at the Brookings Institute (January 17, 2023)  

Promoting Prudent Credit Risk Management and Diversity and InclusionRemarks at the RMA Risk Management Virtual Conference (December 5, 2022)

Skeumorphism, Commingling, and Data Gaps in CryptoRemarks at DC Fintech Week 2022 (October 11, 2022)

Don’t ChaseRemarks to the Harvard Law School and Program on International Financial Systems Roundtable on Institutional Investors and Crypto Assets (October 11, 2022)

Safeguarding Trust in Banking: An UpdateRemarks at the TCH + BPI Annual Conference (September 7, 2022)

Community Banking, Digitalization, and the OCCRemarks before the Texas Bankers Association (September 1, 2022)

Cybersecurity RisksRemarks before the Joint Meeting of the Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee and the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council (August 2, 2022)

Understanding Consumer Financial Health and Well-Being in a Turbulent MarketRemarks at the Financial Literacy and Education Commission’s Public Meeting (July 14, 2022)  

CDFIs, MDIs, REACh, and CRA Remarks to the 2022 Community Development Bankers Association Peer Forum (June 9, 2022)

Crypto: A Call to Reset and RecalibrateRemarks at the DC Blockchain Summit 2022 (May 24, 2022)

When the Tide Goes OutRemarks at Bloomberg Risk & Regulation Week 2022 (May 17, 2022)

Expanding Diversity and Inclusion and Minority HomeownershipRemarks to the Asian Real Estate Association of America Diversity and Fair Housing Summit (May 12, 2022)

Bank Mergers and Industry ResiliencyRemarks at Brookings (May 9, 2022)

Advancing Fair Access to Quality and Sustainable CreditKeynote Address to the Black Homeownership Collaborative’s Fair Housing Month Virtual Forum (April 19, 2022)

Thoughts on the Architecture of StablecoinsRemarks before the Institute of International Economic Law at Georgetown University Law Center (April 8, 2022)

Financial Stability and Large Bank ResolvabilityRemarks before the Wharton Financial Regulation Conference 2022 (April 1, 2022)  

Tail Risks: March 2022Remarks at the American Bankers Association Risk 2022 Conference (March 31, 2022)  

Climate Risk Management, Diversity and InclusionRemarks at the Institute for International Bankers Annual Washington Conference (March 7, 2022)

The Community Reinvestment Act in PerspectiveRemarks before the National Community Reinvestment Coalition (February 14, 2022)

The Future of Crypto-Assets and RegulationRemarks before the British American Business Transatlantic Finance Forum, Executive Roundtable (January 13, 2022)

Reforming Overdraft Programs to Empower and Promote Financial HealthRemarks before the Consumer Federation of America’s 34th Annual Financial Services Conference (December 8, 2021)

Modernizing the Financial Regulatory Perimeter Remarks before the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Fifth Annual Fintech Conference (November 16, 2021)

Five Climate Questions Every Board Should AskOCC Climate Risk Management Event (November 8, 2021)  

Leveling Up Banking and FinanceRemarks before the American Fintech Council Fintech Policy Summit 2021 (November 3, 2021)

Replacing LIBORRemarks at the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) Symposium (October 26, 2021)

Diversity and InclusionRemarks at the Women in Housing and Finance Public Policy Luncheon (October 5, 2021)

Cryptocurrencies, Decentralized Finance, and Key Lessons from the 2008 Financial CrisisRemarks before the Blockchain Association (September 21, 2021)

Safeguarding Trust in BankingRemarks before the Exchequer Club (September 15, 2021)

Subsidiaries or Branches: Does One Size Fit All?IMF Staff Position Note SDN 11/04, with Jonathan Fiechter, Inci Otker-Robe, Anna Ilyina, Andre Santos, and Jay Surti (March 7, 2011)

The Making of Good Supervision: Learning to Say ‘No’IMF Staff Position Note SPN 10/08, with Jose Vinals, Jonathan Fiechter, Aditya Narain, Jennifer Elliott, Ian Tower, and Pierluigi Bologna (May 8, 2010)